The Language Of Emotion: Ad Slogans In Native Tongues Connect To Consumers' Emotions

In this experiment Stefano Puntoni, Bart de Langhe, and Stijn van Osselaer were trying to find out the expressions of people towards marketing messages in different languages. They tested this by using different slogans expressed in different languages with the participants, it turned out that messages expressed in consumers native language tend to be more emotional than messages in there second language. The conductors don't believe that the effect is not due to the language or the difficulty in understanding the message, they said that it depends on the personal memories and the language context, reading or hearing a word (unconsciously) triggers memories of situations in which that word played a role, because consumers usually have more personal memories with words in their native language than in their second language, marketing messages in their native language tend to be perceived as more emotional. Through out there study they also found out that the effect is more found in women than in men.

Early Scents Really Do Get 'Etched' In The Brain

Yaara Yeshurun of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel conducted this experiment, she said that she found the first associations between an object and a smell had a distinct signiture in the brain. In her study the reserchers where presented a group of adults with a visual object, and later a set of pleasent and unpleasent oder while the brain were imaged by funtional magnetic resonance imaging. A week later the same adults where presented the same objects they used previously, the reserchers noticed that they remembered early associations clearly when they were unpleasant, the researchers even found that they could predict what a person would remember later based on the activity in their brains on day. Yeshurun said that its good to remember unpleasant memories as a risk management. These results could suggest ways to strengthen particular memories, more importantly, it may help us generate methods to better forget early and powerful memories.

Some Short-Term Memories Die Suddenly, No Fading

The conductors of this experiment was Weiwei Zhang a postdoctoral scholar, and Steve Luck a professor of psychology. There experiment was about short-term memory, 12 adults where participating, and each one was a shown three different colors on a computer screen, at the end of each color they where given a color wheel to match the colors. The conductors also took into account the amount of time it took them to observe the color and choosing the color on the wheel. They also did the same process but with shapes instead of colors. This could be important in everyday life, because it would provide a mechanism to help us avoid the confusion that might occur if we tried to make decisions on the basis of weak, inaccurate memories. Zhang and Luck are currently incorporating these findings into a study of short-term memory dysfunction in people with schizophrenia.

The Memory Questions

1. Explain the concept of sensory memory.
Its the ability of retaining impressions of sensory information. There are 2 types of sensory memory; iconic, and echoic memory.

2. Give an example of sensory memory.
You lose concentration in class during a lecture. Suddenly you hear a significant word and return your focus to the lecture. You should remember what was said just before the key word.

3. What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
500 milliseconds.

4. Describe the concept of short-term memory.
short-term memory is the ability of holding small pieces of information in mind.

5. What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
7+or-2, George A. Miller conducted this experiment

6. What is chunking?
chunking refers to the strategy of using short term-memory effeciently

7. What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
The size of chunks is 4+/-1

8. Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
Its definently visual

9. Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory
The long-term memory is infinite it can last until you die

10. Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model is an advantage of the multi store model. It can chunk information into smaller models of memory.

11. Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
- It explains allot about memory, but its just a "model"
- It distinguishes different forms of memory, but it does not take into account what information is presented
-The Atkinson-Shiffrin model does not give enough emphasis to unconscious processes.

12.Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
The levels of processing effect refers to the memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing.

It contradicts Atkinson-shiffrin memory model in the representation of memory strength as continuously variable. Its divided into Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.

13. What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Maintenance Rehearsal is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information.

For example - late at night, you have been out partying all night, you get back home and you are hungry. you decide to order pizza. So you pick up the phone and call information to get the number of a local pizza delivery place. When the operator gives the number, you say the number over and over so that you don't forget it in the time it takes to hang up and dial the number.

14. What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Elaborative rehearsal involves deep sematic processing of a to-be-remembered item resulting in the production of durable memories.

For Example - A new student arrives at a classroom you tell his name and try to substitute the name with something else to create a connection with the name instead of saying the persons name a million times.

15. Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?

It was developed by Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart


-http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Maintenance%20Rehearsal
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson-Shiffrin_memory_model
-http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sourceid=navclient&gfns=1&q=limitations+of+the+Atkinson-Shiffrin+Model+of+memory.

The Memory Video

In this video I learned that there are many ways to have a memory, and how fragile it is to lose your memory. I also feel bad about this person who had no long term memory, and it was scary when they said that he was trapped in the present just imagine that you went to a theme park and it was so awesome, and 2 months later a friend tells you about your summer and you can't remember it. I didn't know that neurons connected each other to retrieve a memory and that it also reaches full power at the age of 30, and weakens as you get older ,but so weak that you can't even remember who you are.

There are some memories that will stay with you for life depending on the impact of curtain event in your life. Ex. “The day that the World Trade Center came down”. Other people can sometimes play with your mind and say things that aren't true, in other words false memories, this can cause a person to think about it later in the future thinking that it was true when its not. In Conclusion, I just can't believe the many things my brain can do, its like if the brain functions faster than Internet loading.